This task was carried out prior to the filming of the two minute thriller opening.It was focused purely on the filming a one minute sequence showing a simple conversation.To achieve this, a variety of camera shots had to be used.Once completed, the footage had to be edited to form one continuous sequence.
By carrying out this task, experience using a camera, tripod and tape was gained. It enabled all members of the group to try a variety of camera angles and positions. Some problems occurred such as unwanted background noise or people walking past which interfered with the characters talking. The recognition of these potential problems allowed us to be prepared for when filming the actual two-minute opening.
Looking back on my preliminary task, I have learnt various new technical skills as well as how to create an effective sequence. The preliminary task was of a low standard due to lack of experience and knowledge regarding continuity. Another potential reason for this was lack of audience feedback which was only collected when filming the actual task. This task was given stricter guidelines whereas the preliminary task was more vague therefore more errors were made.
When compared to the finished task, a significant improvement of filming is visible. Therefore, it is clear that I have progresses since carrying out the initial task. The preliminary task did however enable this to happen as it acted as a starting point to improve upon.
The sound employed in the opening of this thriller has a significant impact on the viewing of the film by providing the audience with a greater understanding of the narrative. The sounds used evokes a response from the audience by reflecting the characters' emotions as well as emphasising certain occurrences in the scene. Their effectiveness can be recognised by the tension and suspense they are able to build. Within the scene, techniques such as diagetic, non-diagetic, parallel sounds, on and off screen sounds have been employed.
As the protagonist walks towards the bathroom, non diegetic sound can be identified through the form of a background sound track. It is a calm and subtle yet eerie sound that infers the intensity of the atmosphere. The tension causes the audience to be more aware of potential occurrences. It is also used to convey the character's emotions which in this case involves fear and nervousness. The music then intensifies in volume as the character is seen reaching towards the door which signifies danger to the audience. It creates expectations for the audience who would assume of someone's presence. The sense of mystery created by the music can be associated with the antagonist. Non diegetic off screen sound can also be noticed when the sound of wind is heard. It creates a cold intense feeling that heightens the helplessness and fear of the protagonist. This is a generic convention of a thriller film as it creates an enigma for the audience which may also associate the sound with the antagonist's presence without him being revealed. A hidden villain is stereotypical of the thriller genre as it creates an enigma as well as providing anticipation. Diegetic sound can also be identified in the opening scene when the light switch is pressed on. This adds further impact to the soundtrack which has a purpose of building up tension. The sound of the light switch adds an essence of realism that the audience is able to relate to. This compliments the flickering of the light which creates further tension and suspense. Diegetic sound is used throughout the scene such as when the character portrayed as the victim enters the bathroom. This makes the scene more real to the audience allowing them to relate to the events as well as conjuring up a fear of it happening to them. This sound can also be classed as parallel as it works in unison with the movement of the character.
As the opening sequence progresses, further diegetic sound is used in the form of the protagonist's heavy breathing. This is conventional to the thriller genre as it infers the protagonist's panic and fear. This allows the audience to experience the emotions felt by the woman; almost making them feel like they're placed in her situation. This evokes anticipation as the viewers are put on edge.
This research has provided me with knowledge regarding the conventional sounds used in thrillers. It has also developed my understanding of the different types of sound and the effect they have on the scene. This has provided me with ideas in regards to choosing a suitable soundtrack and sounds that will create tension and build up suspense to give the viewing of the film a greater impact.
Sound is a vital element of thrillers used to evoke the needed emotions in every scene. Infusing the sound in accordance to the visuals shown on the screen creates the needed thrilling atmosphere. The most conventional uses of sound involve loud noises followed by a long established silence and the sound of footsteps which builds anxiety and tension. The overlaying track is also a vital contribution that provides a tone to the scene and so has an emotional impact on the viewing of the film for the audience. It is able to cause the desired audience response, provide the audience with a further understanding and potentially foreshadow the events.
Diegetic sound is the sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film such as the voices of characters and sounds made by objects in the narrative. It's most significant use is to enhance the realistic pleasures of the thriller. It prevents the scene to seen unrealistic as the image is reflective in the sound.
The opening sequence will feature diegetic sounds such as;
- the phone disconnecting (illustrating the victim being failed by communication which leaves her in a vulnerable and helpless position where she is isolated from the outside world which would potentially help her in a life threatening situation)
- heartbeat (illustrating the anxiety felt by the victim which is associated with a quickened heart beat due to a rush of emotions)
- footsteps (a subtle sound of footsteps will be heard when the protagonist walks from room to room)
- rushed breathing (this illustrates the victim inhaling drastically due to panic and anxiety)
Off-screen sound is sound that is heard yet it's source is unknown. The audience will not be aware of when the sound will be made and so this will generate an instant unpredicted element of fear.
This type of sound will be used when a loud noise coming outside the victim's bedroom will be heard. Its source will not be seen or known which will create an enigma for the audience who may associate the sound with the antagonist's presence.
Non diegetic sound is the sound whose source is not visible on the screen and has not been implied to be present in the narrative such as the background track playing over scenes. It is used to enchance the tension in the scene and therefore create a suspenseful atmosphere. It is a conventional sound technique as it conveys a theme or a feeling to the audience; the sound used in the thriller genre mostly conveying fear and tension.
The opening sequence will feature a significant non diegetic sound which will be background music. It will be obtained from the website http://freesound.org which gives access to soundtracks that are copyright free. The desired track will be slow and steady while building up tension and increasing in pace in order a dark, unsettling mood which makes the sequence thrilling and full of suspense. The background sound will be parallel meaning the music tone and mood will be suited to the action seen on screen i.e. complimenting the sequence. It will therefore emphazise the mise-en-scene as well as providing tension and suspense.
Sound is a very important generic convention that enhances how the audience interpret certain events by giving a different meaning to a scene as well as potentially foreshadowing the events. The music used within an opening would have an impact on the mood and tone of the sequence as well as the emotions felt by the audience.
Sound Bridge is sound used to link two scenes, by having the picture and the diegetic sound change at different points. Usually the sound from the second scene is heard before we start to see the picture from that scene. This gives the film a sense of coherency that affirms a film's continuity therefore this is a technique used in all thriller productions.
High pitchsound is slightly eerie, yet calm to build suspense for future scenes. This can be a sudden screeching noise that arises suddenly; symbolising potential danger or death. e.g. This is implemented in the 'Psycho' shower scene where the screeching sound arises suddenly and instantly indicates danger to the audience. The high pitch of the sound makes the audience feel uncomfortable and weary of the action of the stabbing.
Diegetic Sound is sound thatbelongs with the frame and what you would expect to hear following the narration or action in that scene. For example a door being opened may consist of the door creaking. e.g. although this is used in all films, the thriller 'Black Swan' can be used as an example with the sound of doors, rustling of people's coats, sound of the train on the tracks, people talking in the background are all heard on the train scene.
Non Diegetic Sound is sound that has been edited into the frame after the scene has been created.Usually to emphasize, exaggerate or increase the sound of what would have been a diegetic sound. e.g. This can be seen in 'Prom Night' through the opening of the envelope which consists of desperately wanted results. The sound is prolonged and exaggerated to intensify the scene by building up tension.
Silence is when a scene is edited and no sound is displayed. Silence is able to create tension and suspense or even dramatic effect.
e.g. This can be seen in 'Crash' where a little girl gets shot and her scream is muted which is extremely dramatic as the audience is able to focus on the expression on her face rather then the noise she makes.
Parallel sound is when the sound and the image complement each other so the action and sound display similar aspects. e.g.This can be seen in 'Scream' with one scene in particular where fast pace music starts to play as soon as the victim escapes from the back of the van and starts running. This makes the audience alert of the chase scene which is complimented by the sound.
Contrapuntal Sound is when sound and image do not complement each other, for example happy music playing over a sad scene. e.g. An example of this is in the film ‘Orphan’ before the sting where the sound contradicts the action taking place on screen.
Why is editing important?
Film editing is a post-production process of film making that combines separate footage into a continuous sequence. This is a fundamental process that achieves continuity. Continuity editing is simply a style of editing that prevents inherent discontinuity of shots and establishes a logical coherence between shots to make one sequence. The editing guides the telling and pace of the narrative. It can be used to create illusions of danger through the use of fast paced editing styles as well as emphasising certain elements that may not have been necessarily noted.
Editing Terminology
Jump cut
A cut in film editing in which two shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly
Fade
When an edit fades from a scene into a black background or a black background fades into a scene.
Straight cut
An abrupt cut from one edit to another which may have no significance in the following of the narrative.
Kulvestov effect
This a film editing effect which can be used to hint at emotions without actually showing any.
Dissolve
When an image is blended into another, the other disappears as the other one comes in.
Montage
This isthe reverse of slow editing in which shots are quickly joined together in order to create fast paced motion that provides the audience with excitement.
How will your editing styles help to make your thriller conventional?
The thriller opening being limited to lasting two minutes means it cannot involve too many editing effects. However, various editing techniques must be used in order to satisfy the thriller genre conventions. The purpose of those chosen will be to build up tension, intensifying the atmosphere and so providing the audience with anxiety and excitement. To achieve this, a fade effect will be used on the credits as they will prolong the scenes which will give the illusion of scenes drifting in and out as the tension rises. When the events become more thrilling, jumpcut editing will be used to fasten the pace of the thriller. For example, a close up shot of the victim on the phone will cut to her turning around to emphasize her sudden movement caused by a loud sound.The credits of the production company will dissolve into the first scene as slow editing must be achieved.
Alfred Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was given the title of England's best director and producer after pioneering many techniques in the psychological thriller genre. After directing more than fifty films, he was regarded as the most influential filmmaker of all time that shaped modern cinema. He had a distinctive and recognisable style of directing which gained him a renowned position in the film industry. He was known as the 'Master of Suspense' due to his ability to put the viewers on edge through his use of characterisation, symbolism, surprise endings and twists. He was also known for the movement of the camera that reflected a character's gaze as well as many other techniques of editing.
Hitchcock’s films usually focus on murder with a frequent use of deception and mistaken identities that enliven the plot. Many of his plots involve a mistakenly suspected or accused of crime innocent man who must then clear his name. A few of his films also involve psychopathic murderers whose identity is not revealed instantly such as in 'Psycho', 'Shadow of a Doubt' and 'Rope'.
In order to create tension, he would use a variety of different shots such as the character's point of view alternating with long shots showing the character. The use of shadows can also be seen in his films 'Suspicion' and 'Saboteur' which then became a convention of thrillers by providing the audience with unsettling suspense. The characterisation seen in his films tends to be strong and effective, often able to make the audience empathise with both the protagonist as well as the antagonist in scenes where the antagonist is in danger of being caught.
Hitchcock became a credible director due to his innovative camera viewpoints,editing techniques and effectual soundtrack music. However, his greatest ability was to evoke human emotions that gave his psychological thrillers great impact while maintaining their believability.His directing style is conveyed by 'There is no terror in the bang, only in the anticipation of it' which is what he once stated. This illustrates how he believed the build up of tension in thrillers is more effective than the climax. This idea was then developed and can be noticed in the current thriller genre where the suspense build up is prolonged throughout the entire film, keeping the audience on edge.
Researching a renowned director of the thriller-making industry allowed me gain information regarding the content of a successful thriller.By learning about the techniques used by Alfred Hitch-cock, I was then able to use this when making my own production. Not only was this inspiring but it was also helpful when writing the narrative as I was aware of what was required i.e. putting viewers on edge. Analysing a thriller created by Hitchcock such as 'Psycho' also provided me with ideas such as a hidden identity of the psycho which is conventional of the thriller genre as it generates suspense.
The individual story board consisted of personal ideas that were then combined with the ideas of the other group members in order to create the group storyboard. Creating this required an in-depth understanding of the narrative. Therefore every frame had to be discussed in detail. This was achieved out by an evaluation of every member's individual storyboard which enabled sharing of ideas. The individual storyboard shown below outlines the camera shot,location,lighting,actors,dialogue,sound and editing. As well as textual evidence of having planned each scene, images have been used to prevent misinterpretation of the ideas.
In order to combine ideas, the individual storyboards were rotated round giving all members a chance to develop an understanding of each other's narrative ideas. Then decisions were made regarding if any specific frames were effective, if frames should be combined or if it was necessary to come up with a completely new idea for that frame instead. This involved a critical analysis of all the frames as well as positive feedback that allowed a selection of frames to be moderated and then included in the group storyboard.
The beginning of the opening scene will be inter weaved with credits of the production company through the use of a laptop. The credits overlaying a blank black screen will reflect the screen of the laptop; almost being typed by the character. The shots will then alternate between credits and a mid shot of the character. The character being Grace Davies who plays the role of the victim will be seen and heard talking on the phone while typing on the keyboard. Her conversation however will be interrupted by a sudden noise from outside the bedroom. Associating the sound with her mum having forgotten something, she will call out to check. Without a response, Grace will reassure herself that the sound meant nothing. She will be proved wrong when the laptop screen turns off and the mobile phone disconnects simultaneously; cutting off all connection which is suggestive of the obessor's presence.
Affected by the events, a tracking shot will be used to follow the main character that will check for anyone’s presence before entering the bathroom. The next shot will be situated in the bathroom when Grace enters and the light
is switched on. A medium close-up shot of Grace will then be shown as she splashes water over her face; her make-up running down her face. Shaken up, she will attempt to call her mum yet the number will not be recognised and so the call will fail.
The camera will then follow the main character as she rushes back back to the bedroom; focusing on her hand pushing the door open through the use of a close-up.The fast pace editing will be used to build up tension within the atmosphere. Grace will be seen walking back into the bedroom, her shadow on the wall. The outline of her will be positioned in the centre of the frame as a shadow of a hand reaches from behind and grabs her.
This will cause her to drastically turn
around and gasps, creating the illusion of the shadow being the antagonist. Although his presence will be suggested, his identity will remain unrevealed. This next shot will be of credits that display the name of the director followed by the title of the thriller film.
A soundtrack will be overlaying the actions seen in the opening of the thriller. This will be used to effectively build tension as well as to reflect the emotions felt by the victim. Non-diegetic sounds will also be used to exaggerate the sounds that may be inconspicuous. Diegetic sound effects will simply support the occurrences in the scene. The sounds that will be used are outlined in detail on the post named 'planning of sound'.
Mise-en-scene refers to everything in the scene. It consists of five elements; settings and iconography, costume, hair and make up, facial expressions,body language,lighting and colour as well as the positioning of characters and objects within the frame.
In the above sequence of prom night, a variety of mise-en-scene has been used. The scene is set in a ball room which gives the false impression of a calm environment in a location where danger is not expected. This is used to mislead the audience, preventing them from predicting the events. Although this may not be seen as a conventional location of the thriller genre, it is a real-life situation. Therefore it has an essence of realism; the theme being a common fear of many individuals. This is conventional as the audience is able to relate to the fear felt by the character.
Significant iconography has been used seen with examples such as the envelope that held the results stating who was going to be crowned prom king and queen.This shows how iconography has an emotional impact on the characters as everyone seemed anxious and desperate to find out the results which was prevented by the alarm going off.
However a more significant element of iconography is the fire extinguisher which the antagonist breaks through the door with. The iconography is bright red which connotes danger that is also associated with the antagonist. The colour red is conventional to the thriller genre as it is sub-consciously associated with blood and potential death.
This connotation is also conveyed with a knife which is yet another example of effective iconography. The knife being held by the antagonist when threatening the victim instantly presents the man as a menacing character. It is sharp and instantly represents pain that the antagonist desires to inflict upon the victim.
The costumes that are seen throughout the scene are formal suits and dresses which are not associated with the events of the scene;showing the spontaneous way in which the plot unfolds. The antagonist is revealed to be a middle aged man with a rough unshaven appearance. His black casual clothing has a connotation of danger with a baseball hat slightly covering his identity.The look in his eyes instantly illustrates his psychotic approach towards the victim. This contrasts against the blonde hair and nude colour of the victim's clothing that connote innocence and purity. The victim being a fragile and innocent female is a common convention seen in thriller films. Not only in the way the victim is portrayed but also how the thriller portrays the female gender. This convention also applies to the antagonist which also follows the generic conventions i.e. black clothing.
The lighting used throughout most of the scene is low key as it creates dark shadows which convey a fearful atmosphere. It is also used for greater impact when the antagonist comes into the light from the darkness. Dark lightening is conventional to the thriller genre as it promotes suspense and mystery.It also hides the antagonist's identity and creates an enigma as to who it is. Flickering light is also a feature used to foretell the killer's presence, intensifying the scene. The darkness of scenes is conventional to the thriller genre as it creates a fear of the unknown. Shadowing is also conventional as it prevents the audience from being exposed to everything instantly. Instead, tension is built which allows significant recognition of certain elements.
The positioning of the characters varies throughout the scene. However, one of the most prominent uses of positioning has been achieved in the hotel suite scene. In this scene, the victim is shown next to the closet where the mirror shows the antagonist behind her. The victim being central in the frame makes her the main focus. The antagonist's hand is seen coming out of the darkness which is conventional as his identity is not revealed instantly. His hand suggests his presence to the audience yet not to the on-screen character which creates tension when viewing the scene.
The facial expressions and body language give an insight into the emotions felt by the characters. When the security alarm goes off, the students seem unaware of the seriousness of the situation and do not act upon instruction instantly. This is shown by their slow movement and lack of action. A more suited reaction can be seen by the victim who is faced with a life-threatening situation. Shock and fear is presented when the victim attempts to escape from the killer.This is conventional of a thriller as it creates tension which is felt by the audience. It allows a connection to be built between the character and audience who are able to empathize with the character's predicament.
This research will assist me when creating my thriller as it has provided me with knowledge concerning all elements of the scene. It has enabled me to understand how mise-en-scene must be planned clearly as it has a great impact on the audience.
It is important to consider risks before filming due to basic health and safety rules which should be applied to all members of the group. By assessing each potential risk, the possibility of injury is minimised. This prevents having to stop filming temporarily as a result of someone getting hurt.
The risk assessment will outline the areas that are considered unsafe as well as minimizing the risk of of damaging the equipment.
Hazard
Hazard prevention
Background noise
The filming of the opening scene cannot be disturbed by unwanted
sound and so no one apart from the members within the production will be
present.
Low battery on camera
The camera will be fully charged before filming but a back-up lead
will be available in case of low battery.
Lighting
The sequence must be set in the night so it must be dark yet visible.
Tripod
The tripod will be set evenly on the ground so it does not fall and
no damage will be caused.
Household objects
Filming in a house means that all objects need to be moved out of
the way so no one trips over while filming.
Loose cables
All cables must be moved out of the way so no one trips over them and equipment does not fall over.
After collaborating on the group narrative by interweaving ideas from all individual narratives, a group storyboard was created. Each frame has been illustrated by a basic sketch and its content has been detailed; focusing on location,iconography,camera angle and sound.Although this was fairly time consuming, the planning stage is vital as it organises each scene to make the filming of the opening sequence easier.
A filming schedule is a project plan of the shooting required for the production of the opening sequence. It represents a timeline stating what events happen at what location and at what time. The resources are also stated; mostly involving basic filming equipment used along with a camera.The shot type and its content is also shown so it is clear when filming. This enables the shooting of the sequence to run smoothly as it has been previously organised. The filming schedule can be used alongside the storyboard whilst filming. The scenes have been broken down into shorter and more manageable sections with all equipment and props outlined in advance. This prevents wasting time on going back to get forgotten items.Each shot is estimated to take fifteen minutes to film however contingency time can be used in case of the scenes taking longer to set up and film.
When filming, the filming schedule was strictly followed however an extra scene had to be added in between scene 12 and 13 to show the main character get from one location to the next. Due to the fast pace of the scene, it was decided that the character should walk rapidly; slowing down before getting to the bedroom door. It is also unknown whether the ending flashbacks will be used due to the two-minute limit of the opening sequence. This will be decided in editing where all scenes will be put together.
The poster comprises of many significant elements used for a greater impact of promoting the film. A mid shot of Liam Neeson's character is seen;yet is not clearly shown due to the dark shadowing. It blends into the black background thus creating mystery as his facial expressions cannot be seen and therefore the emotion he is experiencing cannot be identified. The character being the central image allows the audience to establish Neeson's role as fundamental; the sombre atmosphere portraying him as the protagonist. Him being a man that is powerful is conventional to the thriller genre. The most dominant iconography used in the poster is the gun held by the character. This allows the audience to instantly associate Liam Neeson's character with danger which is also reinforced by his name written in dark red lettering which has the same connotations. The image is overlapped by the quote “I don’t know who you are but if you don’t let
my daughter go, I will find you, I will kill you” which allows the audience to gain
some insight into Neeson’s character.
Character representation evolves an understanding of the choices made regarding character portrayal. Some aspects of the personality and character are emphasised so they appear very visible to the viewer. Sometimes exaggerated characteristics can be seen as stereotypical which allows the viewer to instantly recognise the character type. It is vital for a character to have a recognisable representation so the viewer can relate and form an emotional connection with the on screen character. A distinct way in which the character is represented can also be seen as a form of foreshadowing as it enables the viewers to make assumptions as to how the character will react when in a certain situation.
The victim of the plot is Grace Davies (played by Daisy Morecroft) ; a seventeen year old girl of an English ethnicity. She will be portrayed as young and vulnerable which will be conveyed by her white clothing, light blonde hair and blue eyes which all connote innocence. Having suffered from the divorce of her parents, she's an emotionally fragile character yet manages to bury the memories of the past. The character is someone who the target audience can relate to and understand therefore the emotions felt by the character have a great impact on the audience. In the opening sequence, she is alone and therefore made more helpless. Being used to the constant presence of her mum, it is clear that Grace struggles to cope when faced with a series of disturbing events. The intensity of her paranoia is illustrated as she becomes a frightened and helpless young girl.
Andrew Davies as seen by his surname, is the father of Daisy. He's a mentally twisted character that seeks revenge and so is portrayed as the obsessor. It is through his actions that the thriller involves elements of crime and psychological impact. Having suffered from a break up with his wife, he is a lonely and disturbed man in his mid 40's. His jealousy towards his ex-wife is inflicted upon his daughter; the victim of his revenge. This however is unknown to the viewers until the end and so the reasoning for his revengeful actions is questionable throughout the thriller. This potentially makes him a less relatable character however he is still conventional due to being a suspenseful character that inflicts anxiety upon his victim. In the opening sequence, his identity is unknown yet towards the end of the thriller,he is revealed to be heavily built with dark brown eyes and black hair. Although his identity isn't revealed instantly, his presence is suggested.
Colour: the colours used will be black and white. White font connoting the victim's purity against a black background connoting darkness and death to emphasise the theme of the narrative. As well as presenting the simplicity of good versus bad, these colours are conventional to the genre therefore they are effective.
Font&size: a type-writer font will be used to reflect typing therefore supporting the narrative. This is an example of a suiting font:
The font of the title 'Obsessed' will be seen as bold to convey power and strength It will be slightly blurred to convey the irritation of the antagonist. The size will alternate within difference scenes to show disorientation. This is an example of the font that would be suitable:
Positioning: The credits seen in the opening sequence will be scattered around to symbolise the stalker's mental instability
Order of appearance:
1.credits - Hidden entertainment presents
2.dialogue:
Grace Davies:"What you doing tonight?"
Grace's boyfriend: "Nothing, do you want to come round?"
Grace Davies: "Oh no I can't, my mum's out on a date"
3.credits - (names of actors)
&dialogue: Grace's boyfriend: "But I never get to see you, there's always something going on with you"
4.dialogue:
Grace Davies: "yeah I know, I'll promise I'll see you-" *interrupted by loud noise*
5.credits - camera operator
&dialogue:
Grace's boyfriend: "Grace?"
8.dialogue:
"Oh no it's nothing, I'm just being paranoid"
*light turns off*
9.dialogue: Grace Davies: "Aaron?"
- rest of opening scene -
credits - Directed by (name of director)
credits - OBSESSED
The thriller opening will take place in a bedroom; a real life situation allowing the viewer to relate to the events. The second part of the opening sequence will be filmed in the bathroom. This is conventional to the genre due to the involvement of mirrors. The space being confounded also conveys the character as being trapped and unable to escape from fear.
The most prominent iconography will be the phone and laptop,both a symbol of communication with the outside world. When the communication is disrupted the character will be seen as as helpless and vulnerable. Although the setting isn't isolated, it will seem like the character is isolated from the outside world due to the lack of communication devices and so more prone to danger.
A mirror will also be one of the main iconography used. It will allow a reflection which can present a sudden view of the antagonist without revealing identity as well as presenting two sides to a character. In order to emphasize the antagonist's presence without revealing his identity, a shadow of his hand will also be shown grabbing the character. This is conventional to the genre as it involves mystery and suspense as to who this character is.
Costumes, hair and make-up
The victim will be dressed in white , the colour white having a connotation of innocence and purity and therefore presenting the character's vulnerability. The calmness of this character will be disrupted by fear which will be shown by black mascara running down the character's face. This being a symbol of tears also connotes the pain of fear. The make-up worn by the victim will consist of pale nude colours to achieve the essence of purity. In general, the victim will be a 'normal' person wearing everyday clothing which is a convention of thriller films.
The purity of the character presented as a victim will be contrasted against the antagonist. Although this character is the antagonist, he posses interior mental problems that would not be necessarily be shown by the exterior front. However the character will be dressed in dark which has a connotation of death. Furthermore, throughout the opening sequence, the antagonist will be a hidden identity which connotes mystery and suspense. Not knowing being a commonly seen convention within the thriller genre.
Lighting and colour
Throughout the sequence, low key lighting will be used to create tension as the audience tends to fear of the unknown. This is due to darkness creating an eerie atmosphere; the night being conventional to the thriller genre. The darkness also enables shadows which is also a convention that promotes the unknown. A prominent use of lighting will be demonstrated by the laptop screen light coming suddenly turning off, suggesting the presence of the antagonist.
The credits used in the opening sequence will involve black and white colours. The lettering being black on a white screen will reflect the character typing on the keyboard. This will interweave the credits with the narrative as well as being being a convention of thriller films by presenting the antagonist vs. the protagonist.
Facial expressions and body language
Facial expressions will be used to present fear felt by the victim. This will emphasize the emotions felt by the character which allows a connection between the character and audience to be formed. The character showing signs of panic and anxiety will heighten the impact of the opening sequence on the audience by being more intense and dramatized. The general and conventional facial expressions that will be captured will be fear and hesitance when the character moves rooms while checking for an unwanted presence.
Body language is the physical ability of human non-verbal communication which is interpreted subconsciously by the audience. This will enable to present the character in a certain way. The victim will be displayed as vulnerable and fragile by a weak posture and a less steady, almost clumsy movement.
Positioning
The most significant positioning that will be used will be the shot of the victim holding the phone which will illuminate her face as it will be the only source of light when everything else turns off. The lighting being white will emphasize the purity of the character which is associated with light colours. The scene where the shadow of both the victim and obsessor will be seen is another prominent example of positioning. This will involve the shadows being positioned in the centre of the frame emphasizing the events in that scene as the viewer cannot focus on anything else.
Setting 'No country for old men' is set in an abandoned and isolated area; far from society. The place being rural and deserted is a commonly seen convention of thriller films as it puts the characters in a difficult situation. It seems very empty creating a sense of nowhere to hide when in need to escape from the killer. This conveys the idea of helplessness and vulnerability of the characters who risk death by either running away and struggling to survive due to heat and lack of water or staying and risking the killer's attempt to kill them.
Camera work
The setting is set through the use of an establishing shot which allows the audience to see the vast and open land. This presents the location of the scene which allows the viewer's realisation of where the scene is taking place and its disadvantages for the character in danger.A close up shot is also used;having a great impact on the shot. It shows the villain's face in detail allowing the audience to see his lack of sanity. This is a conventional element used in thrillers as it enables the audience to see facial expressions,almost creating a connection between them and the character.
Editing
A voice over is heard at the beginning, informing the audience of the events. This however is rarely used in thriller films as it is not seen as a convention. Editing which is seen as a convention and can be seen in the scene is the use of CGI. This emphasizes actions such as the man getting shot adding intensity to the scene and so delivering a shock to the viewer.
Character and costume
The officer being dressed in a uniform shows his power and authority. However his power is overthrown by the villain. The villain himself is unconventional to the thriller genre due to his lack of disguise . Unlike black clothing commonly seen, the villain is wearing normal clothing portraying him to be a typical being.His tone of voice furtherly emphasizes this idea as it is calm and polite.
Carrying out this research has enabled me to understand how important all of the elements mentioned above are. I will use the knowledge I have gained by analysing this particular opening when planning out my own thriller opening.
The opening credits of 'Scream' involve many conventions of thriller films; the first being the colours used. The opening is dominated by black and white which connote mystery. The colour red is then used having a very significant impact on the sequence; the colour being very vivid and intense. Having a connotation of danger and blood, it effectively conveys the genre of the film.
Instead of a plain blank screen, an effect is used throughout the sequence. It illustrates the movement of what seems to be smoke which connotes suffocation; instantly revealing the theme of the film to be violence. The smoke then forms the outline of a masked face; revealing the killer with a hidden identity. This is a convention commonly used as an element for the audience to question and fear.
The text appears and disappears very steadily by fading in and out, looking blurred and deformed. It acknowledges the most prominent actors as well as the producer and director. The title of the thriller can be seen at the end of the opening sequence. It is written in bold lettering, positioned in the centre of the screen. The letter 'R' drags across; it's sharpness imitating a knife. A knife having a convention of pain is also a convention of thriller films.
This question was asked to identify the gender of the participants that answered the questionnaire. Different genders would require slightly different content within a thriller film therefore an equal amount of males and females were asked to eliminate bias.
This information was obtained to see the age that the thriller would suit. Although most of the people asked were between the ages og 16-18, the content of our thriller would be suitable for 15 year olds therefore we intented to aim at an audience of 15 and above to give the film a wider range of viewers.
This question provided information that the thriller genre is a common one amongst many people with the majority of the people asked watching a thriller film once every two weeks.This means the viewers would be familiar with the conventions and could be critical of a thriller which would not meet the general requirements.
This question was asked in order to establish the most popular sub-genre which the thriller film could be based on.The results show that the crime and psychological genre are the two most chosen therefore the film will involve a thriller involving psychological and crime aspects.
The results of this question provided information of the viewers being tense as well as scared during most thrillers. In order to create a conventional thriller, both of these 'feelings' would need to be achieved.
This information was used to determine the best location for the thriller film, according to the expectations of the audience.The results show that a real life situation is the one that was chosen most however it would have a greater impact if it was combined with the other ideas which also received a high rating.
This information was required to gain the most effective ideas for the thriller. The results show that mystery is the most wanted element therefore it would be involved within the thriller film. Danger and violence being the second most common element would also be included.
The information from this question allowed an idea of what the target audience is looking when regarding the character of the villain. These expectations can then be met when creating the character's representation.
The results of this question show that the audience is most interested by themes such as mentality which links back to the psychological genre as well as the aspect of jealousy.
This question displays the viewers' thoughts on an effective opening; the majority of people having chosen an everyday life situation. This is most likely due to a realistic opening being more relatable and therefore feared of.
Camera operator - this role is accountable for the required action of the camera in order to capture the scene. It consists of decisions regarding the positioning of the camera and supporting equipment such as the tripod. The camera operator is also responsible for the preparation of equipment for all the required set-ups as well as any adaptations. This role requires awareness of each scene as well as technical knowledge. While the main task is to follow the orders of the narrative organiser which decides on the framing,the camera operator also helps to establish the appearance of each scene. Regulating the lighting of every scene is also a necessary action carried.out by the camera operator.
A camera operator is essential as what's filmed is what the audience sees; regardless of how effective the storyboard is, it's up to to the camera operator to bring the sequence to life. The audience tends to base their opinion of the film on the visual experience which the camera operator has total control over. *This role will belong to Ella Sutherland which has the experience of filming a variety of shots from the preliminary task. Due to her technical ability of operating a camera, this role is most suited to her and therefore she will be responsible for the filming.
Actors - actors are the most visible to the audience, playing an essential role in the film. Behind every actor,a director guides the performance and a screenwriter provides the plot and dialogue.
Although the role of actors is to simply act out the roles of the characters in the film, it is vital to control factors such as body language and facial expressions which have a great impact on the overall effect.
Sound technician - this role consists of audio editing and adjusting of the soundtrack.It is a creative yet technical role that enables decision making when it comes to sound effects and background sound. The main task involved is to process audio using a mixing board which aids to adjust the volume level of the microphone against the background sound. This is a vital role as it is responsible for all that the audience hears.
Editor - when the shooting of the film is completed, the editor organises the footage by arranging individual shots into one continuous sequence. The editor chooses which shots to use and the order in which to place which has a significant impact on the appearance of the final film. Editing consists of many different processes; either to do with sound or visual aspects. The visualisation is simply how all scenes taken from different angles are put together to form one continuous sequence. The sound editing involves inputting sound at the correct time so that everything is in sync and there is no delay between the sound and action.
*This role will be carried out by every member of the group as this is too much for one person to carry out and so the editing work load will be distributed evenly.
Film director - responsible for directing the actors and the aspects of the production ranging from creativity to technical issues. The Director helps decide on the locations and manages the shooting of the film while supervising the overall project. It is the director's job to interpret the storyboard and instruct the other members of the production team on how to create it.This is potentially the most crucial role within the film making as the director makes the most important decisions.
*This role will be carried outby Harrier Gold who has the skills required to supervise the filming and give direction to the other members due to a strong sense of leadership.
Location manager - this role consist of finding and managing film locations. Although films are usually shot in a controllable environment such as a studio, outdoor sequences rely on a location. The location manager is responsible for the research, identifying and organising the access to the appropriate location. This involves assessing the storyboard, discussing ideas with the director,scheduling dates and dealing with any intruders on set.
Storyboard organiser - this role involves organisation of illustrations into a chronological sequence in order to pre-visualise the motion of the film. The storyboard organiser's main task is to sketch the different scenes to give a brief view of what the scene aims to look like. The lighting that will be used, where the scene is set,what actors will be present,the sound that'll be heard, the editing, iconography and narrative description must be included below all scene drawings.
*This role will be carried out by me personally as I have created the group story-board as well as the filming schedule so I'm most knowledgeable about the content of each scene. I am also most organised and have the ability to go into depth.
A questionnaire was designed in order to gain an understanding of the thriller genre. The answers with the majority of votes would be enable decision-making regarding the opening sequence. By carrying out primary research, the information is recent and reliable and provides idea that can be used within the thriller opening to suit the requirements of the audience.
Medium-Close Shot
At the beginning of the clip, the victim is seen talking on the phone; her emotions clearly presented by the use of a medium-close shot. This enables the viewer to notice the victim's frightened facial expression caused by the person on the other end of the phone call. The also allows the viewer to recognise who the victim is as the white clothing worn by the character has a connotation of innocence and purity.Her clothing also illustrates her to be the an ordinary person which is conventional of the thriller genre.
The audience can judge the level of fright the victim feels by the expression on the victim's face which is in focus when a close up shot is used. This puts the audience into the mindset of the character i.e. feel the same emotions the character is feeling. This is a convention of a thriller film; used to emphasize particular elements for example when someone is stabbed,a close up of the cut allows the viewer to see what has happened. It heightens the audience's anxiety and creates suspense which is a key element to a thriller film.
Panning shot
A panning/hand-held movement is used when the victim runs into the kitchen. This allows the viewer to observe the victim's panic and fear.The chaotic movement of the camera reflects the victim's erratic state of mind and shaky state. This is a conventional element to a thriller film as it allows the audience to feel the heightened emotions; increasing the audience's adrenaline and anxiety.
Long Shot A long shot is used when a car is seen driving towards the house which the victim tries to escape from. This shot allows the audience to see the setting; a large empty cornfield. It enables the viewer's realisation of the victim being in the middle of nowhere. This instantly creates a feeling of isolation emphasizing the fact that the character is alone and helpless.This shot makes the audience aware of the surroundings as well as providing extra information through the iconography seen whilst creating tension.
Canted angle
When the victim is stabbed, she is seen rolling over in a slow and almost awkward motion. During this, the camera is in a Point-Of-View shot at a canted angle to show the lack of control and unsteadiness of the victim. This is a common convention seen in thriller films which has a great impact on the audience by putting them in strange position to reflect the narrative of the sequence.
Aerial angle
To emphasize the victim has been stabbed, an aerial shot has been used which portrays the weakness of the character who has been defeated. This achieves empathy felt by the audience who see the victim as powerless shown by her being on the ground which portrays her helplessness. The gender of the victim is conventional to the thriller genre which commonly associates woman as the weaker sex.
Mid-shot
The antagonist is seen wearing all black which connotes death and danger. This makes the character representation conventional to the thriller genre as the antagonist evoked anxiety and fear. The mask
hides the killer's identity which creates an enigma for the audience. It also prevents the audience from forming a relationship with the character as facial expression is not revealed.
The definition of a thriller film may seem vague as it involves many different factors. It differentiates from other genres in the film industry by heavily relying on suspense and anticipation. This can be achieved by psychological as well as physical abuse. The thriller genre aims to provide the audience with thrills, high level of anticipation, uncertainty, surprise and terror. It promotes intense excitement and suspense to the audience through an intensifying build-up of tension. This leads to a highly stressful climax which keeps the audience alert and full of anticipation.
The basic plot consists of the antagonist presenting the victim with obstacles to overcome. It is conventional for the victim to be dragged into a dangerous conflict or situation that they are not prepared to resolve. Therefore the protagonist tends to be an ordinary person unaccustomed to such predicaments. Due to this, the most common themes involve captivity,revenge and psychological mind games. All action is made to seem realistic by reflecting real life situations in order to capture an essence of every day life posing a threat.
Depending on the sub-genre of the thriller, different complimentary conventions are involved. Thriller films tend to by hybrids of different sub-genres that that make use of plot twists and cliffhangers to evoke the audience's curiosity. The most common sub-genres seen in the thriller genre are:
Action thrillers - main elements of a thriller are used along with fast-paced action and special effects e.g.'Inception'
Horror thrillers - follows the codes and conventions found in its genre as well as conventions of a horror film such as blood and gore e.g.'Saw'.
Crime thrillers - a fusion of crime and thriller, often focusing on the criminals' point of view and the solving of the crime e.g.'Seven'
Psychological thrillers - This sub-genre focuses on mentality and emotion with the protagonist being in a potentially dangerous situation . It usually incorporates elements of the drama genre e.g.'Shutter Island'
Man-on-the-run thrillers - this usually involves the protagonist alone and paranoid whilst trying to avoid death or capture e.g.'The Fugitive'
In an opening sequence, it is expected to see low key lighting which accentuates the contours of an object by throwing areas into shade creating shadows that generate a dark atmosphere. This convention increases the tension felt by the audience. The low key lighting allows the antagonists' identity to be concealed which keep the audience questioning themselves as to who the identity of this person is.
Sound and editing is also a very prominent part of thriller films. Quick cuts and a variation of shots and camera angles contribute to the impact of a thriller on the audience. The on screen action is also accompanied by incidental music and exaggerated diegetic sound effects.
Saw opening scene analysis
The opening of the thriller 'Saw' illustrates a variety of codes and conventions of the genre. The first scenes show the character being suffocated by the water overflowing his face which suggests drowning. This is conventional to the thriller genre as it connotes potential death as well as presenting the character as a victim in the narrative.
The sequence is set in an abandoned bathroom which is conventional due to it being an isolated location. The location creates an enigma for the audience who is unaware of its purpose. The creates suspense and sets a fearful atmosphere that is reinforced by low key lighting. Low key lighting creates a dark atmosphere that is associated with fear of the unknown.
As the light turns on, the victim is seen being blinded by the harsh bright lighting. He is revealed to be an ordinary person which is suggested by his light casual clothing which connotes purity and innocence. His defensive body language presents him to be helpless and vulnerable in a life threatening situation.
This is made clear to the audience due to the victim being chained to metal pipes that run along the walls. The chains look stern and connote entrapment. They show the victim's restricted movement which is suggestive of the killer's intentions to capture and inflict pain on the victim. This exemplifies effectual use of iconography that possesses desired connotations within the scene.
The killer's intentions are unknown yet they are suggested by the shot of a person dead in the centre of the bathroom. The blood surrounding the victim has a connotation of pain infliction and murder. This creates tension and suspense felt by the audience that will subconsciously foreshadow the fate of the character chained to the bathroom pipes.
